small thanks for perestroika’s prophets

Michael Binyon, Writing in his article in newspaper the Times, on how there is no gratitude for the Soviet leaders who opened the door to freedom. He wrote that today’s
Russia is built on the freedoms granted by Eduard Shevardnadze and Mikhail Gorbachev, they were two former communists who saw that the old system couldn’t go on.Also it was written that after a decade of corruption, inflation, rampant lawlessness and  a crushing end to superpower status, the men who dissolved the Soviet empire are largely seen as criminals, politicians who betrayed their country. 

Michael Binyon,“Small thanks for perestroika’s prophets”,Australian, The; 11/26/2003

comment about progress in my research

I’m working on my research paper now. I’ve chose just two articles from EBSCOhost, but in my blog I’ve wrote only about one article. Today I read other articles that I’ve sent on my email address when I was in British council. My topic is about perestroika and in EBSCOhost I found only six articles connected to it. And when I read these articles I’ve got to know a lot about Gorbachov, he was the first who tried to do some changes in the general policy of the
Union.  

Summary of the article for research

The end of the twentieth century was a turning point for all powers in the
USSR and other countries.The long lasting period of the Cold War between the USSR and the
USA reached its top and it needed immediate reaction form the leaders. The old leader of the
USSR was unable to follow all new appearing demands of the time.So, Gorbachov became the first politician who tried to make some contribution to the necessary changes implementation in the general policy of the
Union. The arms race, people’s dissatisfaction, economic decline and tension constantly increased. All these factors were taken into account by the new leader.Now the main features for acting on the international scene were tight cooperation with equal rights and support of the common policy for the development. The
Union became more friendly to western trends and opinions, treated other countries as friends and not as enemies.So, for ten years the policy was absolutely changed. There can be many different opinions whether it was for better, but any way I think looking at the general situation nowadays, we can name more positive moments of such changes and we must grow and estimate them. 

Schaff, Marta,“Gorbachev & the End of the Cold War”,Gorbachev & the End of Cold War, 2005, p1-2, 2p

Klavdia’s Memories

I was at the fourth group and the name of the widow that talked to us was Klavdia. Her stories were really amazing! She was born in 1937, at the town Kagarluk that is situated near
Kiev. When the war began she was a little child who was five years old and didn’t understand what really have happened at that time, but now she told us that she remembered some things very clearly.  Klavdia told us about Germans that occupied their little town, she remember how they were afraid of the planes that were flying at the sky, when they saw a plane they fell on the ground because they didn’t know from which side this plane was, from Russia or theirs .The most exited that I heard was story about Jews and communists   that lived at their town; German soldiers have found all Jewish people that stayed at the town and killed them with communists very cruelly. All Jews and communists were placed near the pit and they were surrounded by Nazis. The next thing that happened was that all those poor people were killed by Nazis. After that, their bodies were thrown into the pit and covered with the soil. The next couple hours the soil was moving.Also she told about her cousin, and how they liked to climb around the plane that was hit by bomb.From her point of view,  her family and her survived the war with the help of the God.

“Memoirs of a British Agent”

Many interesting things were written in the part of the text “Memoirs of a British Agent”, written by Lockhart Robert Bruce. Robert Bruce is a typical American tourist, he visited Ukraine (Kieff) in 1915, and before it he lived in
Moscow.  First of all it was very interesting to read about foreigners’ attitude to our country and to get to know their thoughts about our nation at that time.But I think this little part of the text is more dedicated to the people’s life in Kieff , to its description and picturesque view. He described so many beautiful Kieff places such as: hills on which Kieff is situated, Kieff Lavra, Saint Sofia and so on. Robert Bruce saw a lot of people: beggars and priests. And when he came home, he told: “In Kieff I had no adventures; yet the memory of the week I spent there remains more clearly fixed in my mind than any other incident in the war”, he told so because he couldn’t see everything by our eyes, we are different and we have different mentality, so it was difficult for him to understand our people and all their actions.Used sources: Lockhart, Robert Bruce “Memoirs of a British Agent”, Penguin Books, 1950:105-109.

All information about aviation designers were taking from the Memorial  Althology “Видатні Діячі України Минулих Століть”- ”Outstanding Ukrainian Personalities of the Past”, which I found at the library!

Three Soviet aviation designers

Arkhyp LIULKA1904-1984Aviation engines designer 

Arkhyp Liulka  was born in the

village of
Savarka, Kyiv region. He graduated Kyiv Politechnic Institute.A.Liulka showed his unique talent as a technician already in 1930s, when significant defects of reciprocating engines became obvious. At the increase of their power a speed of the aircraft could be increased only up to certain “barier”,after which the thrust made by the propeller went down, while the latter geared up. The search for an absolutely new design was very intense. Development of thermodynamic scheme of aeroject engine started. In reality engineering solution turned out to be quite difficult. Thousands of problems aroused. Heat- resistant alloys and materials, new fuel and specific methods of its firing, new constructions of turbines and compressors, etc. were needed. Arkhyp Liulka was known by nobody at that time.The international situation of 1930s was getting more and more aggravated. Defence potential of the
Soviet Union needed new types of weapons, including qualitatively new military aircraft. That’s why al the efforts of Liulka and his group were aimed primarily at strengthening of the defence potential of the country. Creative search and titanic efforts of prominent aviation engineer brought the result. Before the World War II he developed the first in the world by-pass engine, which permitted building of the aircraft with absolutely new characteristids. The team headed by Liulka designed and constructed a number of powerful engines for supersonic aircraft, which considerably military aviation potentinal.Arkhyp Liulka was world-famed scientist, engineer and designer, talented manager, hard-working person, who opened new opportunities in engine design. His creative work contributed much to the development of aeroject engines and modern aviation in particular. And the fact  that
Ukraine is fifth aircraft producing countries of the world, with a full production cycle, is also doubtless merit of Arkhyp Liulka as well.  

Soviet aviation designers- Golden names of Ukraine

Oleksandr IVCHENKO

1903- 1968

Designer of Air-engines

Oleksandr Ivchenko was born in the town Tokmak, Zaporizia region. He graduated from Kharkiv mechanic-engineering institute(1935) with a diploma of an internal-combustion engine engineer. All his life he has been working at Zaporizia engine plant.

The first professional success to Oleksandr Ivchenko came with creation of the serial aviation engine M-88, which became people’s commissar of aviation industry, one of the four engines with which Soviet aviation made the war. Testing of new engine M-89 started in June 1941, when German airplanes were already bombing the plant. His engines were mounted Il-4s long-distance S.Iliushyn bombers that bombed
Berlin.

Construction of new aircraft required new engines as well. For the design of Ash-82FN Ivchenko was awarded his first Order of Labour Red Banner.

Oleksandr Ivchenko and Oleh Antonov were colleagues and close friends. Many of Antonov airplanes are equipped with Ivchenko’s engines. After Ivchenko’s resignation and later, after his death, Zaporizia engines were mounted on many Antonov’s airplanes.

Soviet Aviation designers-golden names of Ukraine

Oleh ANTONOV

1906-1984

Aircraft designer

Oleh Antonov began his creative activity with construction of gliders, it was his passion from childhood. After graduation Leningrad Polytechnic Institute(1930) he was directed to
Moscow to set up the Central Design Bureau for Gliders Production. Since 1933 O. Antonov worked as chief designer at the gliders plant in Tushino, near
Moscow. He designed more than 30 models of motorless aircraft, which more than once set the world records and were used to test different aerodynamic designs and train future aviators. During the World War II troop-carrying gliders of O.Antonov delivered personnel, material and ammunition and were used for rendering support to partisans.

Oleh Antonov constructed gliders and hang-gliders, but his life work was aircraft aviation. He constructed dozens of aeroplanes of different class and designation. An-2, which more than half a century was produced in quantity, became true legend. It has 16 modifications, obtained 40 various “professions” and approved itself abroad.

With the transfer of the design office of O.Antonov from
Novosibirsk to Kyiv, new line of powerful airplanes appeared. A transport airplane An-8 was the first in the world to carry up to 11 tons of cargo over a long distance.

Oleh Antonov always wanted his aircraft to be universal, good-looking and able to carry a lot of cargo and passengers for long distances and land on unpaved and snow-covered airdroms. Specialists and Technical Complex named after Antonov keep up the work of talented designer, outstanding aviator ,applying progressive design and technological solutions, constructing aircrafts that match the best world standards.

Favourite movie “Walk to remember”

I want to write you about the best movie I ever seen! It calls “Memorable walk”. It’s not just a romantic melodrama first of all movie is about God and people’s mission on this earth. All that surrounds us: primordial nature, cosmos, sincere love that don’t know borders-all these are made by the Lord, which loves us, even if we don’t have a faith and don’t believe Him. Heroes of the film quote the Bible, in particular 13-th chapter of 1^st message to Korifyanam. The guy, king of the school fell in love with very calm and simple girl; she was a daughter of the local priest. This girl, Jamey Salivan, was sick on cancer and she couldn’t believe that they could be together. But it was really very strong love. This love and faith in God changed that guy on better. When he got to know that she was very sick he made very serious decision, he asked her to be his wife. After their marriage she died. And to the rest of his life he stayed alone.This movie changed me. Every time I saw it I cried, cried because I began to thought about love and what it do with people, love-is power, love gives us a life and we make a love! After this movie I tell everyone, love each other, and do all the best for each other.